THE ORIGINS OF ARMENIAN NATIONALISM AND TERRITORIAL CLAIMS

Abstract

This article examines the emergence of Armenian nationalism in the second half of the nineteenth century, the transformation of the Armenian national-political movement into a movement advancing territorial claims, and the role of the geopolitical interests of major powers in this process. It analyzes the internationalization of the “Armenian Question” and the influence of the Treaties of San Stefano and Berlin, concluded following the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877–1878. The study explores the policies pursued by Russia, Great Britain, and France in the region, as well as the role of the Etchmiadzin Catholicosate, educational institutions, and publishing activities in shaping Armenian national ideology. It also discusses the establishment and activities of the Armenakan, Hunchak, and Dashnaktsutyun political organizations and the use of the idea of “Greater Armenia” as an ideological basis for territorial claims. Drawing on the provisions of the Treaty of Turkmenchay and historical sources, the article examines the origins and historical foundations of the concept of “Eastern Armenia” from the author's perspective. The article concludes by outlining the relationship between the political and organizational development of Armenian nationalism and the regional interests of major powers.