Budget techniques and reporting processes in the public financial management system

Abstract

This article systematically analyzes the institutional changes and innovations introduced in budget techniques and budget processes within the public financial management system. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the transition from the traditional expenditure-based budgeting model to results-oriented and performance-based budget mechanisms, as well as its impact on managerial efficiency and fiscal discipline. The article examines theoretical and practical aspects of program budgeting, the medium-term expenditure framework, fiscal rules, and the strengthening of transparency and accountability mechanisms. At the same time, it analyzes the impact of digitalization, integrated financial management information systems, and electronic treasury platforms on the operational efficiency and control capacity of budget processes. Through a comparative approach, the level of alignment between international practices and national implementation mechanisms is assessed, and existing institutional challenges are systematized. The findings indicate that innovations in budget techniques contribute to more efficient resource allocation, the financing of strategic priorities, and the enhancement of transparency in the use of public funds. In addition, the improvement of the regulatory framework and the methodological refinement of performance indicators are substantiated as necessary directions for further development.